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Society, Religion and Technology Project

SRT Logo

Director : Dr Donald Bruce

Looking at the ethics of technology for a New Millennium

SRT is a project of the Church of Scotland working ecumenically with Action of Churches Together in Scotland
and with the support of the Scottish Episcopal, United Reformed and United Free Churches


Why Engage with Technology? ...
What do we do? Please explore ...

What's Recent :

  • Welcome for GM Chickens producing Therapeutic Proteins
  • Animal-Human Hybrid Cloned Embryos are Unethical and Unnecessary
  • Embryo and Adult Stem Cells - 2006 General Assembly Reports
  • Current features
  • Nanotechnology
  • Climate Change - The Urgency
  • Energy Policy Submission
  • Eco-Congregation
  • Celebrating 10 Years of the SRT Website
  • Contact SRT
  • Why Engage with Technology?

    Technology is changing the face of society.
    Whether it's GM food, embryonic stem cells, cloning, climate change, sustainable development or the mysterious possibilities of nanotechnology, we're all aware of the challenges which current developments are bringing. But where do you go for reliable information, with scare stories from activists, unsatisfactory assurances from Government or industry, and hype from some parts of the media? Amid the half truths, exaggerations and agendas, is there anyone you can trust?

    The Society, Religion and Technology Project (SRT for short) is a unique unit of the Church of Scotland set up in 1970 to examine some of the vital issues of our times. We aim to bring professional expertise to providing informed and penetrating comment for technologists, educators, media, the Church, the public - in fact anyone with an interest in how technology is affecting our lives, and the issues it raises. We have a reputation for the quality and fairness of our work, independent of vested interests and pressure groups. The SRT Project was Awarded the 1999 UK Templeton Prize for a UK institution, in recognition of its pioneering work at the interface of ethics and technology. Technology has brought many great benefits to society, which we often take for granted, but it can also pose big ethical dilemmas - not just unexpected risks and side-effects, but unintended social consequences and even changes in our moral outlook.

    So what are the Big Issues? SRT remains much involved with the cloning controversy and the issues emerging as embryo and adult stem cell research develops. We are also engaged with a range of scientific initiatives in the tiny world of nanotechnology. Its dreams may be often exaggerated but some ethical questions deserve attention already. Our work on GM has shifted to longer term and global issues. Climate change and the failure to install renewable energy fast enough throw up imminent energy policy challenges. Questions of risk underlie many technologies. Are we always right to be precautionary, and how far? While the UK Governments are struggling this year to find strategies on sustainable development in which we all play our part, the Eco-Congregation Programme is showing how the churches can play a role within civil society to promote care for God's creation at grassroots level. We aim to provide some guidance round the maze of questions.

    Back to Contents

    We invite you to explore
  • What's Recent? For latest additions to the site.
  • What is the SRT Project? Find out about the Project's origins, purpose, and work. Read our paper A Unique Experiment
  • Who are we? More about SRT's Director Donald Bruce and Assistant Director Eleanor Todd.
  • Big Issues Examine some of the many issues we cover on our site, and make up your own mind. For example, try:
          Cloning and Stem Cells
    SRT has extensive pages on stem cells and cloning plus updates on latest developments of this fast moving field.
          GM Crops, Food and Animals
    Explore our many articles on GM issues since 1993, and our acclaimed book Engineering Genesis
          Climate Change and Energy Issues
    See our latest work on SRT's longest running issue - perhaps the biggest challenges facing us in the 21st Century.
          Nanotechnologies
    SRT has new work in progress with the EC on the ethical issues of science at the very scale, including human enhancement.
          Or why we think Science and Faith are compatible .. risk .. human genetics .. patenting .. environment .. & much more ...
  • Eco-Congregation Programme Join the growing nation-wide scheme which is helping and enabling the churches to show practical care for God's creation.
  • SRT Publications After information? We have lots, including
          SRT Information Sheets
    On-line A4 Information Sheets presenting ethical and social aspects in key technologies in simple terms for the non-expert.
          SRT Topical Papers
    Longer reports on a wide variety of subjects
          SRT General Assembly Reports
    Each year SRT writes a report to the Church of Scotland General Assembly, including many topical issues.
          SRT Bulletin
    SRT has a free on-line newsletter, published 3 times a year.
          Press Room
    Check this page for our most recent Press and Media Information. We may be able to help you with the latest views and information.
  • SRT Associates scheme If you want to get involved, find out about the UK-wide Associates scheme.
  • Navigation Lost? See our contents and site map
    Back to Contents

  • WHAT'S RECENT? : 15 January 2007

    What's Recent :
  • Welcome for GM Chickens producing Therapeutic Proteins
  • Animal-Human Hybrid Cloned Embryos are Unethical and Unnecessary
  • Embryo and Adult Stem Cells - 2006 General Assembly Reports
  • Animal-Human Hybrid Cloned Embryos

    In May 2006 the Church of Scotland General Assembly accepted that embryonic stem cell research with cloned human embryos might be permissible under exceptional circumstances but rejected the notion of hybrid cloned embryos being made from animal eggs and human cells. It welcomes the decision (11 January) by the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority to have a full public consultation on whether to license research on human-animal hybrid embryos, but it considers that using animal cells to create hybrid cloned embryos is unethical and unnecessary. It would breach moral limits and is too speculative to justify exaggerated claims being made for it in some parts of the scientific community. See why we think this in our current Press Release. These are not new issues, however, despite the current hyping of the prospects. SRT first commented on the of animal-human hybrid cloning shortly after the first report was claimed in November 1998, and at various time since then. For more on animal-human hybrid cloning ...

    Church of Scotland General Assembly Accepts Limited Embryo Stem Cell Research

    On 23 May the Church of Scotland General Assembly debated a new report human stem cell research and embryology presented by the Church and Society Council. It was drafted by a multi-disciplinary working group of the SRT Project, comprising adult and embryonic stem cell researchers, clinicians, theologians and ethicists. The report assessed the scientific developments in adult and embryonic stem cells and cloning, in the context of case studies on their potential use to treat Parkinson's, Huntington's and and motor neurone diseases, diabetes and blood disorders. It noted that research is still in the early stages, however, mostly far from therapeutic application. In assessing the ethical implications, the study re-examined the complex issue of the moral status of the human embryo, recognising the differences of view within the Church.

    The formal debate was preceded by a conference session which laid out the science of stem cells and a panel of three working group and Council members responded to questions from Commissioners on the ethical aspects, reflecting the different viewpoints. While a significant number of Commissioners voiced objections to embryo research, the General Assembly as a whole endorsed the report's main conclusions by a clear majority :

    • that embryo stem cell research might be permitted up to 14 days, using surplus IVF of PGD embryos, but only for a very good reason.
    • opposing the creation of IVF or cloned embryos for research, except under exceptional circumstances,
    • opposing animal-human hybrid and parthenogenetic embryos
    • urging the Government not to relax the present regulations governing embryo research in forthcoming legislation.
    • urging the scientific community to do better peer reviewing and not to overclaim the potential of different approaches and to communicate better with the public.
    Embryo Research, Human Stem Cells and Cloned Embryos - Summary Report Summary Report debated by the 2006 General Assembly on 23 May
    Embryo Research, Human Stem Cells and Cloned Embryos - Working Group Report Full Working Group Report, as background. (489kB MS Word File)
    See the Press release, April 20

    For more on this website on cloning and stem cells, see :

  • Latest SRT comment and analysis on Stem Cells and Cloning
  • our downloadable SRT information sheets
  • Cloned Embryos - Demystifying the Issues SRT's review article in the Church of Scotland magazine Life and Work
  • Review of the Human Fertilisation and Embryology ActChurch of Scotland Submission December 2005 to the Government's Review

    Press Information
    For our most recent Press and and Media releases, go to our Press Room. Please contact us for the latest information.

  • Welcome for GM Chickens producing Therapeutic Proteins

    We are pleased at the announcement that Roslin scientists have now (14 January 2007) developed flocks of GM chickens with added human genes which produce potentially therapeutic proteins in the eggs. We welcomed the original research proposal in 2000. Roslin's earlier work adding human genes to sheep to produce human proteins in their milk was one of the case the SRT Project examined in the 1990's in its Engineering Genesis expert working group on GM crops and animals. Based on this, the Church of Scotland General Assembly expressed its approval in 1997 and 2001 for the production of therapeutic proteins in sheep's milk. In such cases, adding a single human gene should not in itself violate the integrity or inherent value of the animal, and would normally be acceptable provided it did not impair the animal's welfare signficantly. Ethically, this research with chickens is of a similar class. As with any novel animal applications, we would expect ongoing monitoring of the birds to be done to check for any animal welfare issues, and the usual trials for the safety and efficacy of any drugs that would be proposed for clinical use. For more see our SRT pages on GM Animals.


    Current Features

    Current features
  • SRT and Nanotechnology
  • Climate Change - The Urgency
  • Energy Policy Submission
  • Eco-Congregation
  • Celebrating 10 Years of the SRT Website
  • Contact SRT
  • Climate Change - the Urgency

    Many inside and outwith the churches consider climate change to be the most far-reaching environmental problem faced by humanity in our times. The potential and actual effects on the planet's sensitive physical systems of land, sea and air, on the eco-systems and species of the world, and on human communities and large and small, arguably exceed any other major risk. For God's sake - because it is God's planet - our fellow creatures given to our care, for those people and communities already caught up in potentially devastating changes, and for the sake of the world our children will inherit from us, we have to act now to bring the changes back within reasonably sustainable levels.
    Read more about why we see Climate Change as an urgent issue.
    See our Energy Policy Submission to the Government's 2006 review of energy policy.
    Find out What the Churches are Doing about it, both in advocacy and in our own back yards.
    See our SRT Energy Pages for briefing notes on energy efficiency, renewables, fossil fuels and nuclear power.

    SRT and Nanotechnology

    Nanotechnology is a popular label given to a very wide range of ultra-small scale technologies which result from the ability to measure and manipulate matter at an atomic, molecular or cellular level, where new properties emerge. New things could also be done, such as constructing devices from atoms upwards, new materials and diagnostic devices, particles to travel through the bloodstream to deliver a specific dose of chemical to destroy a particular cancerous cell, making therapeutic implants in the body. Much of the science is still at the stage of basic research. But the implications are far-reaching. Following our long established practice, as the research unfolds and applications slowly begin to emerge, SRT is engaging with the scientific community through two cutting edge EC research programmes in nano-biotechnology, Nano2Life and NanoBioRAISE, and with various UK initiatives. For more ...
    Eco-Congregation Scotland

    Eco-Congregation Scotland is a programme to help local churches understand environmental issues and make appropriate practical and spiritual responses. It's co-ordinated jointly by Keep Scotland Beautiful and the SRT Project on behalf of the Scottish churches. It is part of a wider scheme involving churches all over Britain and Ireland. SRT's Assistant Director Eleanor Todd runs the programme in Scotland with Margaret Warnock from KSB. See our suite of web pages which enable you to find out about the programme, find out how your church can join in, download free resources, see the latest Eco-Congregation Scotland Newsletter, or ask for advice. Click on Eco-Congregation Scotland. See also our Eco-Congregation Scotland Information Sheet, as text only, or with images



    To Contact the SRT Project

    Mailing Address :
    Society, Religion and Technology Project
    Church of Scotland,
    121 George Street,
    Edinburgh EH2 4YN,
    Scotland.
    Tel : +44 131-240 2250, Fax : +44 131-220 3113
    Email : srtp@srtp.org.uk

    Email us at srtp@srtp.org.uk

    SRT Office Location

    As part of a restructuring plan of the Church of Scotland, on 20 July 2005 the SRT Project was moved back into the Church of Scotland headquarters building in central Edinburgh at 121 George Street, EH2 4YN. From 1991-2003 we had been in the historic John Knox House in Edinburgh's Royal Mile until the rebuilding of the Netherbow arts centre, and from Oct.2003 to July 2005 at the Scottish Agricultural College (SAC) on the Edinburgh Univerisity science campus at King's Buildings. Our contact details are now as shown above.


    More About SRT

    Find out more about the Project's origins, purpose, and work : What is the SRT Project?

    SRT Associates

    We invite anyone anywhere who wishes to identify more closely with the work of the SRT Project to join our SRT Associates scheme. Find out more about the scheme on our SRT Associates page, and with papers from our most recent Associates Conference.



    Navigating the Site

    SRT's site has over 100 Web pages.
    To help you navigate around,
    ... go to the SRT Contents and Subject Index Page
    ... or explore the SRT Website Map

    SRT WEBSITE - SUBJECT INDEX

    If you've never really thought about these kinds of issues, why not browse our pages and see what you think?

    Main Pages
    SRT Project Home Page
    Subject Index
    What is the SRT Project
    Highlights & Events
    What's New?
    A Unique Experiment
    The Big Issues

    Navigation
    Subject Index
    SRT Website Map
    Links to Other Sites

    Publications
    SRT Newsletter
    SRT Publications
    SRT Information Sheets
    SRT's Press Releases
    SRT General Assembly Reports

    Biotechnology
    "Engineering Genesis" book
    Genetic Engineering
    Genetically Modified Food
    GM Animals
    Human Genetics
    Cloning
    Xenotransplantation
    Patenting

    Other Big Issues
    Risk
    Technology
    Internet Issues
    Science & Faith
    SRT's Current Talking Point

    SRT wins Templeton Award
    SRT at Edinburgh Science Festival

    Environment
    Environment
    Climate Change
    Energy
    Nuclear Power
    Transport

    Greening the Churches
    Eco-Congregation
    Scottish Churches' Energy Efficiency Scheme
    European Christian Environmental Network

    Interacting with SRT
    Send a comment
    SRT Guest Book
    SRT's Press Room
    Address for Orders
    SRT Trust
    SRT Associates


    The SRT Project website began on 26 October 1995 and this page was restructured and revised on 15 January 2007.
    The SRT Project Home Page address is http://www.srtp.org.uk

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